What is meant by "specific learning disability"?

A "specific learning disability" refers to a condition that adversely affects an individual's ability to learn and process information, particularly in relation to specific areas such as reading, writing, or mathematics. This term encompasses disorders that impact basic psychological processes associated with language and comprehension skills.

Individuals with specific learning disabilities have distinctive learning profiles, which means they may struggle with certain tasks, ensuring that their difficulties are specific rather than indicative of general intelligence or a physical impairment. This definition highlights the neurological nature of the disabilities rather than attributing them to external environmental factors or temporary issues.

In contrast, the other options describe different types of challenges. Physical impairments focus on tangible bodily issues rather than cognitive processes, while environmental factors involve external influences that may affect learning but do not constitute a specific learning disability. Lastly, a temporary struggle with academic material emphasizes a short-term situation rather than a persistent and diagnosed learning condition. Thus, the correct choice accurately captures the essence of specific learning disabilities as they relate to underlying psychological processes.